Hello,
You are testing in the 280px screen in the desktop browser. If you can share the real mobile device screenshot for this resolution, It’ll be helpful. Because Some of the Responsive Queries will work in real mobile. Also, you are testing in the browser. Also note that in that kind of the Resolution little bit of skew will occur. You can check that in any theme. Those kind of Resolutions of not exist.
We’ve tested the the theme in all major Mobile screens from iPhone, Samsung, Nexus, Motorola etc, and We’ve found no image issues. Responsive layout Works perfectly.
If you have issues, you can use Regenerate Thumbnail Plugin to solve this issue.
Thanks.